I had some problems pinging after VPN is still connected. The "Share Files via Explorer" doesn't work either and I had problems establishing a connection of other software over the VPN channel.
After some trial and error including deinstalling vpn drivers and so on, I deactivated the IPv6 option on the Teamviewer VPN Adapter. After this, the connection works as it should.
Win10: "Network and Sharing Center" --> "Change Adapter Settings" --> "Teamviewer VPN Adapter" --> Right Click --> "Properties" --> Uncheck "Internet Protocol Version 6"
In most cases IPv6 is not needed by now and therefore this will not result in any unwanted consequences.